Improvement in cooking-stoves



S; PIERCE,

Cbok Stove.

Patented Nov. 17, 1863.

Fayz

a QO'DQDQQQD N. PEI'ERS, PhoXo-Lfllwgnphu. Washington, D. C,

irEn STATES A'rENr SAMUEL PIEEoE, 0E TROY, NEW vo K.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.

40.635, dated November 17, 1863; antedated April 29, 1863.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL PIERCE, of the city of Troy, county of Rensselaer, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cooking-Stoves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, ret'er-. ence being hereby had to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which drawings make a part of this specification.

Like letters represent and refer to like and corresponding parts.

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the center from front to rear. Fig. 2 is a front elevation showing the vertical fire-grate hereinafter described.

The nature of my improvements consist in the use of a bridge or deflector back of the front boiler-holes and hanging down from the long center between the said boiler-holes and the back boiler-holes next thereto, so that the air passing into the fire-chamber above the fuel shall pass through the upper portion of the same under the said bridge or deflector,andinto the opening between the back part of said deflector and the back of the fire-chamber; also, to ignite the escaping products of combustion in their passage between the said deflector and the back of the fire-chamber by means of an air-chamber in the said bridge or deflector communicating therewith by small apertures, as hereinafter described and set forth.

It also consists in the employment of a vertical fire-grate serving as the front part of the fire box or chamber, constructed substantially as hereinafter described, by means of which the air passes through the main body of the coal or fire to the draft-passage under andbetween the aforesaid bridge or deflector and the back part of the fire box or cha1nber,which are more fully hereinafter described.

To enable others to make and use my improvements, herein described, I will here proceed to give the construction thereof, which is as follows-to wit:

I construct a bridge or deflector of iron or of any material which will answer the purpose, and I combine the same with the under side of the top plate of any cookin g-stove at and upon the long center between the front and rear boiler-holes next thereto, which bridge or deflector shall then project downward into the rear part of the fire-chamber a, Fig. l, and near the fire-brick b to anydistance required. 99, Fig. 1,is the said bridge or deflector. 0, same figure, is the air-chamber in the said deflector. i is a water-tube in the lower part of said deflector, if found desirable to use such for heat ing water for any purpose required. a n are apertures, which admit the air which enters the said chamber at openings r to the draft or' air passage immediately between the said bridge or deflector and the back of the firechamber,which then comes in contact with-the escaping products of combustion, thereby causing the same-to become ignited and consumed in the most perfect manner, whereby a greater degree of heat is attained and then communicated to the oven and to the boilerholes over the oven, and also contributing largely to economy in the use of fuel, and at the same time give a greater degree of heat for cooking and baking purposes. This bridge or deflector may be constructed in any form or shape found desirable, and must project downward far enough to prevent the fuel from entering the flue over the oven; This bridge or deflector may be attached to the under side of the said top plate in any durable manner, which said bridge or deflector extends the entire width of the stove and may rest at the ends thereof on the fire-brick of the ends of the firechamber or on flanges cast on the sides of the stove. When this bridge or deflector is used upon a stove having a level top, the air is admitted to the chamber 6 therein through openings r on each side of the stove, as seen at Fig. 3.

I construct my vertical fire-grate g, Figs. 1 and 2, of iron of any thickness and strength desired, and with openings 6, Fig. 2, which said openings are covered and protected by a cap on the inside thereof-which projects over and down the same, as shown at t, Fig. 1. This cap or cover is for the purpose of preventing the coal or ashes from falling through the said grate and from in any manner obstructing the passage of air through the same into the firechamber a. The air passes through the said openings t in said firegrate and under the bottom of the said cap t into the fire. This grate extends over the whole surface of the front side of the fire-chamber and may contain as many of said capped openings as found desirable. By this grate the air to promote combustion is admitted to the front part of the fire, as aforesaid, and drawn through the same toward the aforesaid opening between the said bridge or deflector p and the back of the firechamber, where a union with fresh air from said chamber '0, as aforesaid, takes place, and then the escaping products of combustion are consumed, as aforesaid; This grate may be fastened into the fire-chamberin any strong and suflicient manner and may be of any height desirable. It can be used in any kind of stove. It is covered in front by the doors h, which form a space between the same and said grate, as seen at m, Fig. 1, and which may be denominated a hot-air chamber. The air is admitted to this chaml or through the dampers s ator near the top of the said doors. Air may also be admitted through the dampers f, Figs. 1 and 2, for the purpose of aiding combustion. The coal in the said fire-chamber must always be above the lower part of the said bridge or deflector in order to a full and perfectoperation and consumption of the fuel and the products of combustion, as aforesaid. It will, however, work successfully if not as full of coal as aforesaid, anda lesser quantity of fuel may be used, especially in the summer season, for then the air to aid the consumption of fuel may be admitted under the fire through the dampers la in the bottom of the said fire-chamber (t, which may then be opened as desired, but which are entirely closed when the said fire-chamber is full of coal.

fire-chamber is relieved of ashes or other m a- Through' these dampers the terial to be removed therefrom, which, when done, are then closed, so as to prevent any air from entering therein while combustion is going on, by the aforesaid means or by means substantially the same.

This stove will not require as much fuel for the same quantity of heat as any other kind of stoves now in use,and will give more heat from the same quantity of fuel. Meats can be broiled over the fire-chamber at the boilerholes without any smoke or odor arising therefrom and escaping into the room, for the draft will be downward when the said boiler-holes are open for that purpose, because the draftopcning is below the top surface of the fire in said fire-chamber, I

Having thus described m y invention and improvements, what I claim, and desire to se cure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s-

1. The downward-projecting bridge or deflector p, constructed and combined with the long center and with the fire box or chamber of a cooking-stove, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and set forth.

2. The vertical fire-grate g, constructed and combined with the fire box or chamber, and with the hot-air chamberiar, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and set forth. i

In testimony whereof I have on this 26th day of September, 1862, hereunto set my hand. SAMUEL PIERCE.

Witnesses:

MARCUS I. NORTON, J. T. O. GoonFELLow. 

